The Growing Ties Between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan

Uzbekistan is one of the countries that border Afghanistan. For many centuries, the people of both countries have been closely connected and share similar historical, civilisation, and cultural values. After the establishment of a new government administration in Afghanistan in 2021, Uzbekistan maintained its position, viewing the people of Afghanistan as close neighbours and trade partners. In recent years, relations between the two governments have developed, and new agreements have been signed. This article aims to discuss recent developments in Afghanistan–Uzbekistan relations and highlight the importance of this cooperation.

As mentioned earlier, Afghanistan–Uzbekistan relations stand out for their historical and cultural dimensions. A considerable number of Uzbeks live in Afghanistan. Moreover, Afghanistan is home to the tombs of many historical figures such as Biruni, Alisher Navoi, Mashrab, and many others, who are heroes of the modern Uzbek nation and significant contributors to global civilization. These historical and cultural connections continue to serve as a foundation for strengthening ties between the two nations.

Following the change in the Afghan government in 2021, Uzbekistan was among the first countries to engage in dialogue with the Taliban administration. Over the past few years, cooperation between the two countries has developed in various areas. According to the latest statistics, trade turnover between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan exceeded one billion dollars in 2024, and both parties are currently discussing ways to increase this figure to three billion dollars. In the same year, Uzbekistan also established a free economic zone that enabled many Afghan merchants to sell their goods and engage in trade partnerships.

Uzbekistan’s cooperation with Afghanistan has positioned it as a key player in negotiations between the Afghan government and other countries, including Germany, the Netherlands, and others. This also reflects the trust both sides place in Uzbekistan’s diplomatic role.

Just a few days ago, the former Foreign Minister of Uzbekistan and current Adviser to the President, Abdulaziz Kamilov, gave an interview to Ishonch.uz, where he dedicated a portion of the discussion to Afghanistan. In his interview, Kamilov emphasised the importance of Uzbekistan’s partnership with Afghanistan and the deep historical ties between the two nations.

Kamilov also mentioned the recent gesture of goodwill by Afghanistan—16 truckloads of marble gifted to Uzbekistan for the reconstruction of the Imam al-Bukhari complex. He remarked, “What other country would do such a thing?” and said this act reflects the profound spiritual connection between the two nations.

The Trans-Afghan railway project is another major initiative between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. This project provides Uzbekistan with access to seaports, making it easier for the country to export and import goods. At the same time, it offers Afghanistan the opportunity to play a crucial role in regional logistics, as the project is expected to have a significant global impact.

Overall, bilateral relations between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan are progressing, marked by increasing trade turnover and partnerships across various sectors. This cooperation is mutually beneficial—bringing the two nations closer together while also creating new jobs and opportunities for both sides.