Dengue Outbreak Intensifies in Eastern Afghanistan as WHO Warns of Unchecked Spread

KABUL, Afghanistan – The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a stark warning about a sharp and ongoing increase in dengue fever cases across eastern Afghanistan, signaling an active and widening transmission of the mosquito-borne virus that threatens to overwhelm local health resources.

According to a recent WHO situation report, suspected cases in Nangarhar province, the epicenter of the outbreak, have surged dramatically. In November alone, more than 1,000 suspected cases were recorded, representing an alarming 8% increase over the previous month. While no fatalities have been reported in this recent spike, the rapid case accumulation has raised concerns about the healthcare system’s capacity to manage a potential crisis.

A Growing National Threat

The outbreak is not confined to a single province. Since the beginning of 2025, a total of 4,384 suspected dengue cases have been reported across six provinces: Nangarhar, Laghman, Kunar, Kabul, Ghazni, and Paktia. Laboratory testing has confirmed the virus’s active circulation, with 685 out of 1,096 samples returning positive for the dengue virus.

The data also reveals that the disease is affecting a broad demographic. Approximately 41.6% of the patients are women, and a striking 98% of all infected individuals are over the age of five, indicating widespread community transmission.

Converging Crises Fuel the Outbreak

Health experts point to a confluence of factors driving the outbreak. The primary transmitter of dengue, the Aedes mosquito, thrives in stagnant water and urban areas with poor sanitation. A combination of recent heavy rainfall, creating ideal breeding grounds, and a severe degradation of public sanitation services in the region has created a perfect storm for the virus to spread.

“This outbreak is a symptom of a deeper systemic collapse,” explained a public health expert familiar with the region, who spoke on condition of anonymity. “The convergence of a weak public health system, inadequate vector control programs, and widespread poverty creates a high-risk environment for infectious diseases like dengue to take hold and spread rapidly.”

The situation is further complicated by Afghanistan’s ongoing humanitarian crisis, which has left millions malnourished and more vulnerable to severe illness, and has stretched the country’s healthcare infrastructure to its breaking point.

WHO Calls for Urgent, Multi-Pronged Response

In response to the escalating threat, the WHO is urging national and local authorities to implement an immediate and robust counter-strategy. Key recommendations include:

• Enhanced Surveillance: Strengthening disease monitoring systems to quickly identify new hotspots and track the outbreak’s evolution.

• Rapid Response Teams: Deploying specialized teams to affected areas to manage cases, trace contacts, and contain local outbreaks.

• Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating communities on how to prevent mosquito bites, recognize dengue symptoms (which include high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, and joint pain), and eliminate standing water around homes.

• Heightened Vector Control: Scaling up mosquito eradication efforts, including targeted insecticide spraying and environmental clean-up campaigns to destroy breeding sites.

The organization emphasizes that without these critical interventions, the outbreak is likely to continue its spread, potentially spilling into new regions and increasing the risk of severe and fatal cases. The international community is being called upon to support these efforts to prevent a manageable outbreak from escalating into a full-blown public health disaster.

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